"All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations."

Even in pursuit of the most laudable purposes, the use of military force exacerbates rather than transforms conflict, and perpetuates the cycle of violence and injustice. This is true in compelling cases as well, such as efforts to thwart gross violations of human rights, or for other humanitarian purposes.

Overcoming blanket immunity in national constitutions: Cameroon and the principle of universal jurisdiction Author: Eric NGONJI NJUNGWE Originally Published at Peace and Conflict Monitor on: 12/05/2008 Category: Analysis II 1. Introduction The adoption by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) on 10

The best hope for a peaceful world where fundamental human rights are respected is for democracy to ultimately triumph in fractured societies. However, for that to happen, certain preconditions must be established including the rule of law, an independent judiciary and media, a culture that begins to ferociously resists corruption and the establishment of

Macedonia in hopes of EU membership finds solutions to overcome a war struck past and the divide of nationalism. Our two authors contemplate the country's "peace plan" and greatest motivation for political and economic harmony - EU integration.

Radioactive Weapons Testing in California Author: Cathy Garger Originally Published at Peace and Conflict Monitor on: 01/10/2008 Category: Analysis II The recent article at InsideBayArea.com, “Livermore Lab: What a difference a month makes” (November 15, 2007, Article ID 7469063) discusses the downgrading of the managerial role and lessened involvement of

Inclusive Education in Serbia Author: Kosana Beker Originally Published at Peace and Conflict Monitor on: 12/06/2007 Category: Essay For the children with disabilities, two different types of educational systems can be broadly recognized: special education systems and inclusive education systems. The term “special education” was long used to describe the

Noriko Hashimoto discusses the legal and political arguments around the deployment of Japan's self defense forces (SDF) for overseas missions, going beyond the constitutional debate to question the broader concept of national contributions to international society.

After 30 years, a tribunal has finally been established to bring some of those responsible for the Khmer Rouge attrocities to justice. As Sopheada Phy demonstrates, however, the limited scope and poor design of this tribunal will ensure that the justice served will be superficial at best, as many of

Some have argued that the continued use of force in international relations demonstrates that the prohibition of the use of force in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter is meaningless and outdated. Kanade counters this position with a discourse on the purpose and interpretation of international law, and argues that